Why do allergies to cats occur? - briefly
Allergies to cats occur due to proteins found in cat saliva and dander (tiny flecks of skin that cats shed). When these substances come into contact with humans, they can trigger an allergic response in individuals who are sensitive to them.
Why do allergies to cats occur? - in detail
Allergies to cats, also known as cat allergies, are a common issue that affects many people worldwide. The primary cause of these allergies is not the cat's fur itself, but rather a protein found in the cat's saliva, urine, and dander (tiny flakes of skin). This protein is called Fel d 1, and it is responsible for triggering an allergic reaction in individuals who are sensitive to it.
When a cat licks its fur to groom itself, the saliva containing Fel d 1 is deposited onto the fur. As the cat moves around, this protein-laden dander becomes airborne and can be inhaled by humans, leading to an allergic response. Additionally, cat urine also contains Fel d 1, which can contribute to the spread of allergens throughout a household.
The immune system of an allergic individual mistakenly identifies Fel d 1 as a harmful substance and produces antibodies called immunoglobulin E (IgE) to fight it. These IgE antibodies then trigger the release of histamine, a chemical that causes various symptoms such as sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and a runny nose. In severe cases, cat allergies can also lead to asthma attacks or other respiratory issues.
It is important to note that even hypoallergenic cats can produce Fel d 1, although in lower amounts compared to non-hypoallergenic breeds. Additionally, long-haired cats may be perceived as more allergenic due to the increased amount of dander that can be trapped in their fur. However, short-haired cats also shed dander and can trigger allergies just as effectively.
To manage cat allergies, several strategies can be employed. These include keeping cats out of bedrooms, using air filters, regularly washing bedding and clothes, and administering allergy medications or immunotherapy treatments under the guidance of a healthcare professional.