"Skeleton" - what is it, definition of the term
"Skeleton" refers to the rigid internal framework that supports and protects the body of an organism, providing structure and enabling movement. In cats, for example, the skeletal system consists of 244 bones at birth, which eventually fuse into approximately 230 bones in adulthood. This intricate network of bones serves as the foundation for muscles to attach and facilitates essential functions such as locomotion, stability, and protection of vital organs.
Detailed information
The skeletal system of a cat, like that of other mammals, is a complex framework composed of bones and cartilage that provides structural support, protection for vital organs, and facilitates movement. Cats have a total of 244 bones in their adult bodies, which is more than humans who have 206. This increased number of bones contributes to the cat's agility, flexibility, and overall strength.
The skeleton of a cat can be divided into two main parts: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the skull, hyoid (a small bone in the throat), ribcage, sternum, and vertebrae. Notably, cats have 7 cervical vertebrae, 13 thoracic vertebrae, 7 lumbar vertebrae, 3 sacral vertebrae (fused together), and 24-26 caudal vertebrae, which contribute to the cat's characteristic tail flexibility.
The skull of a cat is uniquely adapted for hunting and predation. It has powerful jaw muscles and sharp teeth designed for grasping and killing prey. The hyoid bone in cats is unique as it allows them to open their mouths wider than many other animals, enabling them to swallow large pieces of food whole.
The ribcage of a cat consists of 13 pairs of ribs, which protect the vital organs within the thoracic cavity. The sternum, or breastbone, is composed of several small bones that are not fused together as they are in humans, allowing for greater flexibility and movement.
The appendicular skeleton includes the limb bones: the forelimbs (shoulder, arm, forearm, wrist, and digits) and the hindlimbs (hip, thigh, shank, ankle, and digits). Cats have retractable claws, which are housed in sheaths of skin, allowing them to extend and retract their claws as needed for hunting or climbing. This unique feature is supported by a specialized tendon system within the paw bones.
The skeletal system of a cat is intricately designed to support its active lifestyle, providing both strength and flexibility. Understanding the detailed structure of a cat's skeleton offers insights into the remarkable adaptations that have evolved to make cats such efficient and agile predators.