Why valerian acts on cats? - briefly
Valerian contains active compounds that bind to specific receptors in a cat's brain, inducing a calming effect similar to those experienced by humans. This interaction is believed to be due to the presence of these receptors in cats, which are also found in humans.
Why valerian acts on cats? - in detail
Valerian, a perennial flowering plant native to Europe and Asia, has been known for its calming effects on humans and animals alike. The active compounds in valerian root, including valerenic acid, isovaleric acid, and other volatile oils, interact with the feline nervous system to produce a tranquilizing effect.
Cats are particularly sensitive to these compounds due to their unique physiology. Felines possess a highly developed sense of smell, which allows them to detect even small amounts of valerian in their environment. When a cat encounters valerian, its olfactory receptors send signals to the brain, activating the limbic system—the part responsible for emotions and behavior.
The valerenic acid and other active compounds in valerian act on several neurotransmitter systems, most notably the GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) system. GABA is a primary inhibitory neurotransmitter that promotes relaxation by reducing neuronal excitability. Valerian enhances the activity of GABA, leading to a decrease in anxiety and an overall calming effect.
Moreover, valerian may influence other neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, which are associated with mood regulation and reward mechanisms. By modulating these systems, valerian can induce a state of euphoria or heightened pleasure in cats, similar to the effects seen in humans.
It is also worth noting that valerian's effect on cats is not merely psychological; it has physiological implications as well. The volatile oils and other compounds in valerian can induce muscle relaxation, further contributing to the cat's overall sense of calm and contentment.
In summary, valerian acts on cats through a complex interaction with their nervous system, involving multiple neurotransmitter pathways and physiological responses. This effect is largely due to the cat's sensitive olfactory system and the active compounds in valerian that modulate key neurochemical processes.