Why is my cat coughing? - briefly
Cats may cough due to hairballs or respiratory infections. If the cough persists, consult a veterinarian.
Why is my cat coughing? - in detail
Coughing in cats can be a concerning symptom, and it's essential to understand its causes and potential implications. While occasional coughing may not signify a serious issue, persistent or worsening symptoms require prompt veterinary attention.
One of the most common reasons for cat coughing is asthma, which affects approximately 1% of all cats. Feline asthma is an inflammatory condition that narrows the airways, making it difficult for cats to breathe comfortably. Asthmatic episodes can be triggered by various factors such as allergens, stress, or changes in the environment.
Another prevalent cause of coughing in cats is bronchitis, which can be either acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term). Acute bronchitis often results from viral infections, while chronic bronchitis may stem from recurrent inflammation and irritation of the airways. In some cases, bronchitis can lead to the development of bronchiectasis, a condition where the airways become irreversibly dilated and prone to infection.
Heart disease is another potential cause of cat coughing. When the heart fails to pump blood efficiently, fluid can accumulate in the lungs, leading to a condition known as pulmonary edema. This excess fluid puts pressure on the airways, causing cats to cough. Heart disease in cats typically results from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a common form of heart muscle disease that affects many cat breeds.
Infectious diseases can also cause coughing in cats. Bordetella bronchiseptica is a bacterium responsible for kennel cough in dogs and can similarly affect cats, leading to a dry, hacking cough. Feline herpesvirus and calicivirus are common viral pathogens that can cause respiratory infections in cats, resulting in coughing, sneezing, and nasal discharge.
Parasitic infections, such as lungworms (Aelurostrongylus abstrusus), can also induce coughing in cats. Lungworms are small parasites that inhabit the respiratory tract of infected cats, causing inflammation and irritation that leads to a persistent, dry cough.
Environmental factors can exacerbate or trigger coughing episodes in cats. Exposure to smoke, dust, or strong chemical fumes can irritate the airways and provoke coughing. Additionally, some cats may develop a condition known as "hairball asthma," where inhaled hair triggers an inflammatory response in the lungs, leading to coughing and respiratory distress.
To determine the underlying cause of your cat's cough, it is crucial to consult with a veterinarian. A thorough physical examination, coupled with diagnostic tests such as X-rays, blood work, and sometimes bronchoscopy, can help identify the root of the problem. Depending on the diagnosis, treatment options may include medications to manage asthma or bronchitis, addressing any underlying heart disease, or administering antiparasitic drugs for lungworm infections.
In summary, cat coughing can stem from various causes, including asthma, bronchitis, heart disease, infectious diseases, parasitic infections, and environmental irritants. Prompt veterinary evaluation is essential to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.