Why is a Sphynx cat hairless? - briefly
The Sphynx cat's hairlessness is due to a natural genetic mutation that occurred spontaneously in domestic cats. This mutation affects the growth of fur, resulting in a hairless or nearly hairless appearance.
Why is a Sphynx cat hairless? - in detail
The Sphynx cat's hairlessness is attributed to a genetic mutation that occurred spontaneously in domestic cats. This mutation, which is dominant, affects the development of the cat's fur. In most cats, the hair follicle produces keratin, a protein that makes up the hair shaft. However, in Sphynx cats, the hair follicle produces an altered form of keratin that causes the hair to be extremely short and fine, giving the appearance of being hairless.
The lack of fur in Sphynx cats is not due to a lack of hair follicles but rather to the abnormal development of the hair itself. The mutation responsible for this trait is known as the "hairless" gene. This gene is present in other breeds of cats, such as the Devon Rex and Cornish Rex, where it causes a wavy or curly coat, but in the Sphynx cat, it results in almost no hair at all.
The Sphynx cat's body heat regulation system is also affected by this genetic mutation. Without fur to insulate them, Sphynx cats have a higher metabolic rate and generate more body heat than their furred counterparts. This is why they are often seen seeking out warm spots in the home or snuggling up to their human companions for warmth.
In addition to their unique appearance, the lack of hair also makes Sphynx cats prone to certain health issues. Their skin can be sensitive and may require regular bathing to remove oil buildup. They are also more susceptible to sunburn and should not be exposed to direct sunlight for extended periods. Despite these challenges, many people are drawn to the Sphynx cat's distinctive look and friendly personality.