Why does valerian have such an effect on cats? - briefly
Valerian contains actives compounds that mimic the effects of cat pheromones. This chemical similarity causes cats to experience a state of euphoria and heightened arousal when exposed to valerian.
Why does valerian have such an effect on cats? - in detail
Valerian, a perennial flowering plant, is well-known for its calming effects on humans, often used as a natural remedy for anxiety and insomnia. However, its effects on cats are notably different and far more pronounced. The unique response of cats to valerian can be attributed to several factors, primarily centered around their olfactory system and the chemical compounds present in the plant.
Cats possess a highly developed sense of smell, which is significantly more sensitive than that of humans. This heightened olfactory capability allows them to detect a wide array of scents, including the potent aroma of valerian. The plant contains various volatile compounds, with the most notable being valerenic acid and isovaleric acid. These compounds are responsible for the strong, often unpleasant smell that humans perceive, but for cats, this scent is incredibly alluring.
The specific mechanism by which valerian affects cats is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to the activation of certain receptors in the cat's brain. When cats inhale the scent of valerian, it triggers a euphoric response similar to that induced by catnip. This reaction is thought to be mediated by the release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin, which are associated with pleasure and reward pathways in the brain. The result is a state of heightened excitement, often characterized by rubbing, rolling, and playful behavior.
It is important to note that not all cats are affected by valerian. Sensitivity to the plant is inherited, and approximately 50-70% of cats exhibit a response to it. Kittens typically do not show a reaction until they are about six months old, and the sensitivity may diminish or disappear as the cat ages. Additionally, the response to valerian can vary widely among individual cats, with some becoming extremely active and others displaying more relaxed, contented behavior.
The effects of valerian on cats are generally short-lived, lasting only about 10-15 minutes. After this period, the cat usually loses interest in the scent and returns to its normal activities. This temporary nature of the response is one of the reasons why valerian is often used in cat toys and enrichment activities, providing a brief but intense period of stimulation and enjoyment.
In summary, the strong reaction of cats to valerian can be explained by their acute sense of smell and the specific chemical compounds present in the plant. These compounds activate pleasure centers in the cat's brain, leading to a euphoric response characterized by heightened excitement and playful behavior. While not all cats are affected by valerian, those that are can experience a brief but intense period of stimulation, making it a popular ingredient in cat toys and enrichment items.