Why does valerian have an effect on cats? - briefly
Valerian affects cats because it contains actinidine, a compound that mimics feline pheromones, triggering a euphoric or playful response in many cats.
Why does valerian have an effect on cats? - in detail
Valerian root contains a compound called actinidine, which acts as a feline attractant. This substance mimics the effects of nepetalactone, the active ingredient in catnip, and binds to olfactory receptors in cats. When cats smell valerian, it stimulates sensory neurons in their nasal cavity, sending signals to the brain’s olfactory bulb and subsequently activating the amygdala and hypothalamus. These brain regions are associated with emotional and behavioral responses, triggering a range of reactions such as excitement, playfulness, or relaxation. The response to valerian varies among individual cats, with some displaying intense euphoria while others remain indifferent. This variability is linked to genetic factors, as sensitivity to actinidine is inherited. Additionally, valerian’s effects are temporary, typically lasting between 5 to 15 minutes, after which cats become temporarily immune to its influence for a period of time. The plant’s impact on cats is thought to be an evolutionary adaptation, as its scent may resemble certain pheromones or chemical signals in the feline world. While the exact mechanism is not fully understood, the interaction between actinidine and the feline olfactory system remains the primary explanation for valerian’s unique effect on cats.