Why does valerian affect cats? - briefly
Valerian contains compounds called valepotriates and sesquiterpenes that can have sedative effects on cats, similar to those experienced by humans. These substances interact with the cat's nervous system, leading to a calming effect that can help reduce anxiety or stress in felines.
Why does valerian affect cats? - in detail
Valerian, a plant native to Europe and Asia, is known for its sedative properties, which can have a profound effect on cats. The active compounds in valerian, primarily valerenic acid and other related substances, interact with the cat's nervous system, leading to a range of behavioral changes.
Cats are particularly sensitive to valerian due to their unique physiology and evolutionary history. Their olfactory system is highly developed, with approximately 200 million smell receptors compared to humans who have around 5-6 million. This heightened sense of smell allows cats to detect even small amounts of valerian in the environment.
When a cat encounters valerian, the compounds stimulate specific neurons in their brain, particularly those responsible for mood and behavior regulation. For many cats, this interaction results in an exaggerated response characterized by euphoria and increased activity levels. They may exhibit signs of hyperactivity such as jumping, running, rolling, and even appearing intoxicated. This behavior is often referred to as "catnip crazies" or "valerian high," and it can last for several minutes before the cat returns to a normal state.
The reason behind this paradoxical response—where a substance known for its calming effects in humans causes excitement in cats—is not fully understood but is thought to be related to the cat's predatory instincts. Some researchers suggest that valerian mimics the scent of a catnip-like plant that may have been part of their ancestral diet or environment, triggering an evolutionary response associated with hunting and mating behaviors.
It is essential to note that not all cats react to valerian in the same way. While many felines experience the euphoric response, others may show no interest or even become aggressive. The variation in reactions can be attributed to individual differences in genetics, age, and overall health status.
In conclusion, valerian's impact on cats is a result of their highly sensitive olfactory system and the unique interaction between the plant's active compounds and the cat's nervous system. This relationship offers insight into the complex interplay between evolutionary adaptations and modern environmental stimuli in domestic animals.