Why does pyometra occur in a cat? - briefly
Pyometra in cats occurs due to hormonal changes, particularly elevated progesterone levels, which lead to bacterial infection in the uterus, often following repeated heat cycles without pregnancy.
Why does pyometra occur in a cat? - in detail
Pyometra in cats is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the accumulation of pus within the uterus. It primarily occurs in unspayed female cats, particularly those that are older or have experienced multiple estrous cycles without pregnancy. The condition is hormonally driven, with progesterone playing a central part in its development. After ovulation, progesterone levels rise to prepare the uterus for potential pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, prolonged exposure to high progesterone levels causes the uterine lining to thicken and become more susceptible to bacterial infection. The cervix, which remains closed under the influence of progesterone, traps bacteria that may enter the uterus, creating an environment conducive to infection. Common bacteria such as Escherichia coli, which originate from the normal flora of the vagina, are often responsible for the infection. The hormonal changes associated with repeated estrous cycles without breeding further increase the risk, as they lead to cystic endometrial hyperplasia, a condition where the uterine lining becomes abnormally thickened and prone to infection. Additionally, the use of exogenous hormones, such as those found in certain medications, can exacerbate the risk of pyometra. Early recognition and treatment are critical, as untreated pyometra can lead to systemic infection, septic shock, and death. Spaying, which involves the removal of the uterus and ovaries, is the most effective preventive measure against this condition.