Why does my cat have constricted pupils? - briefly
Constricted pupils in cats can indicate exposure to bright light or be a sign of pain or discomfort. If your cat's pupils remain constricted in low-light conditions, it may be a symptom of an underlying issue and requires prompt veterinary attention.
Why does my cat have constricted pupils? - in detail
The size of your cat's pupils is regulated by two muscles: the sphincter pupillae and the dilator pupillae. When the sphincter pupillae muscle contracts, it causes the pupil to constrict, or become smaller. This process is known as miosis. There are several reasons why your cat's pupils might be constricted.
One of the most common causes of constricted pupils in cats is exposure to bright light. The constriction of the pupils helps to reduce the amount of light entering the eye, protecting the retina from damage. This response is mediated by the parasympathetic nervous system, which triggers the sphincter pupillae muscle to contract when light levels are high.
Another possible cause of constricted pupils in cats is the administration of certain medications or drugs. For example, opioids and some other types of pain medication can cause the pupils to constrict as a side effect. If your cat has recently been given any type of medication, this could be the reason for the constriction of their pupils.
In some cases, constricted pupils in cats may be a sign of an underlying medical condition. For instance, certain neurological disorders or injuries to the brain can affect the function of the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to persistent miosis. Additionally, inflammation or infection within the eye itself (such as uveitis) can sometimes cause the pupils to constrict as a result of increased intraocular pressure.
It is also worth noting that some cats may have naturally smaller pupils due to their genetics or breed. Certain breeds, such as the Siamese, are known for having almond-shaped eyes with constricted pupils. If your cat has always had small pupils and there are no other symptoms of concern, this is likely a normal variation in their appearance.
If you notice that your cat's pupils are constricted and there does not appear to be an obvious cause (such as exposure to bright light), it is important to monitor them closely for any additional signs of illness or discomfort. While some causes of miosis may be benign, others can indicate a more serious underlying issue that requires veterinary attention. If you are concerned about your cat's pupils or if they exhibit other symptoms such as lethargy, loss of appetite, or changes in behavior, it is recommended to consult with a veterinarian promptly.