Why does a cat itch with fleas? - briefly
A cat scratches due to the irritation and discomfort caused by flea bites. Fleas feed on the cat's blood, leaving behind saliva that contains an anticoagulant, which can cause itching and allergic reactions in some cats.
Why does a cat itch with fleas? - in detail
Cats scratch themselves due to fleas for several reasons, primarily related to the irritation and discomfort caused by these parasites. Fleas are small, wingless insects that feed on the blood of mammals, including cats. When a flea bites a cat, it injects saliva into the skin, which contains various compounds, including anticoagulants and proteases, to prevent blood clotting and facilitate feeding. These substances can cause an allergic reaction in many cats, leading to intense itching and irritation.
The immune system of a cat responds to flea saliva by producing histamine, a chemical that dilates blood vessels and increases their permeability, contributing to the itch sensation. This reaction is often referred to as flea allergy dermatitis (FAD). In addition to the allergic response, the physical presence of fleas on the cat's skin can also cause irritation and discomfort, prompting the cat to scratch or bite at the affected areas in an attempt to remove the pests.
Moreover, flea infestations can lead to secondary skin infections due to excessive grooming and damage to the skin barrier. Bacteria and other pathogens can enter through the broken skin, exacerbating the itching and causing additional health problems for the cat. The combination of these factors—allergic reaction, physical irritation, and potential infections—contributes to the intense scratching behavior observed in cats with fleas.
To alleviate this discomfort and prevent further infestations, it is essential to implement a comprehensive flea control program. This may include regular use of veterinarian-approved flea treatments, such as topical solutions, oral medications, or collars, as well as thorough cleaning and treatment of the cat's environment to eliminate fleas at all life stages. By addressing both the cat's immediate discomfort and the underlying cause of the infestation, pet owners can help their feline companions live comfortably and free from the irritating effects of flea bites.