Why do cats react to valerian so strongly? - briefly
Cats exhibit strong reactions to valerian due to the presence of iridoids and actinidin in the plant, which mimic feline pheromones. This chemical interaction triggers a euphoric response in cats, leading to behaviors such as rolling, rubbing, and increased affection.
Why do cats react to valerian so strongly? - in detail
Valerian, a perennial flowering plant, is renowned for its sedative effects on humans and its peculiar attraction to cats. The strong reaction that cats exhibit to valerian is rooted in a combination of biological and chemical factors. To understand this phenomenon, it is essential to delve into the chemical composition of valerian and the feline sensory system.
Valerian contains several active compounds, the most notable being valerenic acid and valeranol. These compounds are known to interact with the cat's olfactory system in a manner distinct from how they affect humans. Cats possess a highly developed sense of smell, estimated to be 14 times stronger than that of humans. This heightened olfactory sensitivity allows them to detect and react to minute concentrations of valerian's active compounds.
The chemical structure of valerenic acid and valeranol resembles that of certain feline pheromones. Pheromones are chemical signals that animals release to communicate with others of their species. In cats, these pheromones are used to mark territory, attract mates, and signal emotional states. When cats inhale valerian, the active compounds mimic the effect of these natural pheromones, triggering a strong behavioral response. This response can include behaviors such as rolling, rubbing, and excessive licking, which are typically associated with pleasure and territorial marking.
Additionally, valerian's effects on the feline nervous system contribute to its strong appeal. Valerenic acid is known to have a calming effect on humans by interacting with GABA receptors in the brain, which regulate neurotransmitter activity. While the exact mechanism in cats is not fully understood, it is believed that valerian's active compounds similarly affect the feline nervous system, inducing a state of relaxation and euphoria. This calming effect, combined with the pheromone-like properties, creates a potent attraction for cats.
The behavioral response to valerian can vary among individual cats, depending on factors such as breed, age, and overall health. Some cats may exhibit more pronounced reactions, while others may show little to no interest. This variability is likely due to differences in genetic makeup and sensory sensitivity.
In summary, cats' strong reactions to valerian are attributable to the plant's unique chemical composition, which interacts with the feline olfactory and nervous systems in a manner that mimics natural pheromones and induces a state of relaxation and pleasure. The heightened olfactory sensitivity of cats further amplifies this response, making valerian an irresistible attraction for many felines.