Why do cats' mammary glands swell? - briefly
Swelling in a cat's mammary glands often occurs due to pregnancy, lactation, or hormonal changes, but it can also indicate infections or tumors requiring veterinary attention.
Why do cats' mammary glands swell? - in detail
Swelling of a cat’s mammary glands can occur due to several physiological or pathological reasons, each requiring careful attention. One of the most common causes is pregnancy, as hormonal changes prepare the mammary glands for lactation. During this period, the glands enlarge and become more prominent, which is a natural and expected process. Postpartum, the glands may remain swollen as they produce milk for nursing kittens. However, if the swelling persists or occurs without pregnancy, it could indicate a condition known as pseudopregnancy, where hormonal imbalances mimic pregnancy symptoms, including mammary gland enlargement.
Another significant cause of mammary gland swelling is mastitis, an infection of the mammary tissue. Mastitis often occurs in nursing mothers due to bacterial entry through the nipples, leading to inflammation, pain, and sometimes abscess formation. This condition requires prompt veterinary intervention to prevent complications. Additionally, mammary gland hyperplasia, a non-cancerous overgrowth of tissue, can cause swelling. This condition is often hormone-driven and may occur in intact females or those receiving hormonal treatments.
More concerning is the possibility of mammary tumors, which can be benign or malignant. Mammary gland swelling accompanied by lumps, discharge, or ulceration should be evaluated by a veterinarian immediately. Early detection and treatment are critical, as malignant tumors can spread rapidly. Hormonal imbalances unrelated to pregnancy or pseudopregnancy can also lead to mammary gland swelling. Conditions such as hyperadrenocorticism or the use of certain medications may disrupt normal gland function.
Regular monitoring of a cat’s mammary glands is essential, especially for unspayed females, as they are at higher risk for conditions like mastitis and tumors. Spaying at an early age significantly reduces the likelihood of mammary gland diseases, including cancer. If swelling is observed, it is crucial to seek veterinary advice to determine the underlying cause and initiate appropriate treatment. Ignoring such symptoms can lead to severe health complications, emphasizing the importance of proactive care and attention to a cat’s overall well-being.