Why do cats like catnip and valerian? - briefly
Cats are attracted to catnip and valerian due to the chemicals these plants contain. Nepetalactone in catnip and actinidine in valerian trigger a euphoric response in cats, leading to behaviors such as rubbing, rolling, and increased vocalization. These plants stimulate sensory receptors in a cat's nose and mouth, inducing a pleasurable reaction. The effects are temporary, typically lasting about 10-15 minutes, after which the cat becomes temporarily immune to the plant's effects for approximately 30 minutes to several hours. Not all cats are affected by these plants, as the response is hereditary. About 60-70% of cats exhibit a reaction to catnip, while valerian affects a slightly smaller percentage. The response to these plants is generally harmless and can provide enrichment and stimulation for cats.
Why do cats like catnip and valerian? - in detail
Cats are known for their peculiar attraction to certain plants, notably catnip and valerian. This behavior is deeply rooted in the chemical composition of these plants and the physiological responses they elicit in felines.
Catnip, scientifically known as Nepeta cataria, contains a volatile oil called nepetalactone. When cats encounter catnip, they typically sniff, chew, or rub their faces on it, which releases the nepetalactone into the air. This compound interacts with the cats' olfactory system, binding to receptors in their nasal tissue. This interaction triggers a response in the brain, specifically affecting the areas associated with pleasure and happiness. The result is a state of euphoria that can manifest in various behaviors, including rolling, rubbing, and increased vocalization. Not all cats are affected by catnip; sensitivity to it is hereditary, with approximately 50-70% of cats exhibiting a response.
Valerian, on the other hand, contains actives compounds such as valerenic acid and valepotriates. These compounds have a sedative effect on humans, but they produce an opposite effect in cats. When cats smell valerian, it stimulates their brain's pleasure centers, leading to a state of excitement and euphoria similar to that induced by catnip. The exact mechanism by which valerian affects cats is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve the release of neurotransmitters that promote a sense of well-being. Like catnip, valerian does not affect all cats, and its effects can vary widely among individuals.
Both catnip and valerian can be used as environmental enrichments for cats, providing them with mental and physical stimulation. However, it is important to use these plants responsibly. Overuse can lead to desensitization, where the cat no longer responds to the plant's effects. Additionally, some cats may exhibit aggressive behavior when under the influence of these plants, so it is crucial to monitor their reactions and ensure their safety.
In summary, cats' attraction to catnip and valerian is driven by the unique chemical compounds these plants contain. These compounds interact with the cats' olfactory system and brain, inducing a state of euphoria and pleasure. While these plants can be beneficial for feline enrichment, they should be used judiciously to maintain their effectiveness and ensure the cats' well-being.