Why do cats have six toes? - briefly
Cats with six toes, known as polydactyl cats, possess an extra toe or toes due to a genetic mutation. This trait is often found in specific breeds and regions, such as the Maine Coon and certain areas of New England.
Why do cats have six toes? - in detail
Cats with six toes, often referred to as polydactyl cats, are a fascinating anomaly in the feline world. This unique trait is not due to random genetic mutations but rather a specific gene that causes extra digits to form during embryonic development. The gene responsible for this condition, known as ZRS (ZPA Regulatory Sequence), is located on chromosome 12. When this gene is activated, it influences the development of limbs, leading to the growth of additional toes.
The presence of six toes in cats is a dominant trait, meaning that if one parent is polydactyl, there's a high probability that their offspring will inherit the trait as well. However, this condition does not necessarily provide any advantage to the cat; it is simply a result of genetic variation. In some cases, polydactyly can be an inherited trait within certain breeds or lines of cats, such as the Hemingway cat, which has been selectively bred for this characteristic.
Despite being more common in specific regions and lineages, polydactyl cats are not a separate breed but rather a variation within existing breeds. The extra toes do not impair the cat's ability to walk, run, or climb; in fact, some polydactyl cats are known for their exceptional climbing skills due to their larger paws and enhanced grip.
In conclusion, the presence of six toes in cats is a result of a specific genetic mechanism that influences limb development during embryogenesis. This trait is dominant and can be passed down through generations, although it does not confer any particular advantage to the cat. Polydactyl cats are celebrated for their uniqueness and are often sought after by those who appreciate this distinctive characteristic.