Why do cats get high on catnip? - briefly
Cats exhibit a euphoric response to catnip due to a chemical compound called nepetalactone, which mimics feline pheromones and affects their brains. This results in a temporary state of excitement, relaxation, or playfulness, typically lasting for about 10 minutes.
Why do cats get high on catnip? - in detail
Catnip, scientifically known as Nepeta cataria, is a herb that belongs to the mint family. It is well-known for its ability to induce a state of euphoria in cats. This phenomenon is due to a unique chemical compound found in catnip called nepetalactone. When cats encounter catnip, they often exhibit behaviors such as rolling, rubbing, and vocalizing, which are indicative of their altered state.
The process begins when a cat encounters catnip, either by smelling it or ingesting it. Nepetalactone, the active ingredient, binds to sensory receptors in the cat's nasal tissue. This interaction triggers a response in the cat's brain, specifically in the olfactory system. The olfactory system is directly connected to the brain's limbic system, which is responsible for emotions and behavior. This direct connection allows the cat to experience immediate and intense reactions to the scent of catnip.
The effects of catnip are not uniform among all cats. Approximately 60-70% of cats are affected by catnip, while the remaining 30-40% show no response. This variability is believed to be genetic, as the ability to respond to catnip is inherited. Kittens typically do not respond to catnip until they reach sexual maturity, around six to eight months of age. This suggests that the response to catnip may be linked to the cat's reproductive behaviors.
When a cat inhales nepetalactone, it mimics the effects of feline pheromones, which are chemical signals that influence behavior. These pheromones are involved in various aspects of feline communication, including marking territory and attracting mates. The similarity between nepetalactone and feline pheromones likely explains why cats exhibit behaviors associated with mating and territorial marking when exposed to catnip.
The duration of the catnip-induced euphoria is relatively short, typically lasting about 10-15 minutes. After this period, the cat becomes temporarily immune to the effects of catnip and will not respond to it for another 30 minutes to an hour. This refractory period is a built-in mechanism that prevents cats from constantly seeking out and consuming catnip.
In summary, cats get high on catnip due to the presence of nepetalactone, which binds to sensory receptors in the cat's nasal tissue and triggers a response in the brain's limbic system. This interaction induces a state of euphoria characterized by behaviors such as rolling, rubbing, and vocalizing. The response to catnip is genetic and varies among individual cats, with approximately 60-70% of cats being affected. The effects of catnip mimic those of feline pheromones, influencing behaviors related to mating and territorial marking. The duration of the catnip-induced state is short, followed by a refractory period during which the cat is temporarily immune to its effects.