Why do cats get a fever? - briefly
Cats develop fevers in response to infections or inflammations caused by viruses, bacteria, or other pathogens. This is their body's natural defense mechanism to fight off the invading organisms and promote healing.
Why do cats get a fever? - in detail
Cats, like humans and other mammals, can develop fevers in response to various stimuli. A fever is not a disease but rather a symptom of an underlying condition. Understanding why cats get fevers requires an exploration of their immune system's response to infection or inflammation.
When a cat's body detects an invading pathogen, such as bacteria or viruses, its immune system activates. One of the key players in this process is a group of proteins called pyrogens. Pyrogens trigger the production of prostaglandins, which are hormone-like substances that act on the hypothalamus, the part of the brain responsible for regulating body temperature.
The hypothalamus then sets a new, higher temperature threshold, prompting the cat's body to generate heat through various mechanisms. This includes shivering, which generates heat by burning calories, and vasoconstriction, where blood vessels narrow to conserve heat within the body. As a result, the cat's core body temperature rises above its normal range of 37.5°C to 39.1°C (99.5°F to 102.4°F).
Fevers in cats can be caused by a wide array of conditions. Infections, both bacterial and viral, are common triggers. For example, feline calicivirus, which causes upper respiratory infections, or feline leukemia virus (FeLV) can induce fevers. Other possible causes include inflammatory diseases, such as pancreatitis or colitis, and even certain types of cancer.
It is important to note that while a fever itself is not harmful, it can indicate an underlying issue that requires medical attention. Prolonged or high fevers can lead to dehydration and other complications. Therefore, if you notice your cat has a fever, it is crucial to consult with a veterinarian promptly.
In conclusion, cats develop fevers as part of their immune system's response to infections or inflammation. This increase in body temperature helps fight off invading pathogens and stimulates the production of white blood cells. However, it is essential for cat owners to be vigilant and seek veterinary care if their pet exhibits signs of a fever.