Why do cats eat valerian? - briefly
Cats are attracted to valerian due to its strong scent, which contains actinidine, an attractant for felines. This natural compound mimics the pheromones of other cats, making valerian irresistible to them.
Why do cats eat valerian? - in detail
Cats are known for their peculiar behavior and preferences, with one of the most intriguing being their attraction to certain plants, including valerian. Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) is a perennial flowering plant that has been used for centuries in traditional medicine due to its sedative properties. While humans may use valerian to promote relaxation and sleep, cats exhibit a strong interest in this plant for entirely different reasons.
The primary reason why cats are drawn to valerian is the presence of actinidine, a compound found in both valerian and catnip (Nepeta cataria). Actinidine interacts with specific receptors in a cat's brain, triggering a response that can be compared to a euphoric state. This reaction is not universal among cats; studies have shown that approximately 50-70% of cats respond to valerian, while the remainder do not exhibit any noticeable effects.
When a cat encounters valerian, it may exhibit various behaviors such as rolling, rubbing against the plant, and even becoming more playful or affectionate. These responses are similar to those observed when cats interact with catnip. The actinidine in valerian binds to specific receptors in the cat's brain, leading to the release of neurotransmitters that create a sense of pleasure and excitement.
It is important to note that the effects of valerian on cats are temporary and usually last for about 10-15 minutes before the cat returns to its normal state. During this time, cats may also become more vocal or display increased activity levels. However, valerian does not pose any significant health risks to cats when used in moderation.
In addition to actinidine, valerian contains other compounds that contribute to its sedative effects in humans, such as valerenic acid and isovaleric acid. These compounds do not appear to have the same effect on cats as they do on humans, further highlighting the unique biochemical interactions between cats and this particular plant.
In conclusion, cats are attracted to valerian due to the presence of actinidine, a compound that triggers a euphoric response in their brains. This interaction is similar to the reaction cats have with catnip and can lead to temporary changes in behavior such as increased playfulness and affection. Understanding this phenomenon provides valuable insights into the complex relationship between cats and certain plants, offering a fascinating glimpse into feline behavior and neurobiology.