Why do cats eat catnip? - briefly
Cats eat catnip because it contains nepetalactone, a compound that triggers a euphoric response in their brains, often leading to playful or relaxed behavior.
Why do cats eat catnip? - in detail
Cats are naturally drawn to catnip due to a compound called nepetalactone, which is found in the plant's leaves and stems. When cats encounter catnip, they often sniff, lick, or chew it, which releases this compound into the air. Nepetalactone binds to receptors in a cat's nasal tissue, stimulating sensory neurons that lead to the brain. This interaction triggers a response in the olfactory bulb, which then communicates with the amygdala and hypothalamus, brain regions responsible for emotional and behavioral reactions.
The effects of catnip can vary among cats. Some exhibit playful, hyperactive behavior, such as rolling, rubbing, or jumping, while others may become more relaxed or even sedated. This reaction is typically short-lived, lasting about 10 to 15 minutes, after which cats become temporarily immune to its effects for roughly 30 minutes to a few hours. Interestingly, not all cats respond to catnip; sensitivity to it is hereditary, with approximately 50-70% of cats being affected. Kittens and older cats are less likely to show a response compared to adult cats.
From an evolutionary perspective, catnip's effects may mimic those of pheromones, which are chemical signals cats use to communicate. This could explain why cats are so attracted to it. Additionally, some theories suggest that catnip may have provided ancestral cats with a natural way to repel insects, as nepetalactone has been shown to have insect-repellent properties. Despite its seemingly intoxicating effects, catnip is non-addictive and harmless to cats, making it a safe and enjoyable stimulant for those that respond to it. Its widespread use in toys and treats highlights its popularity as a tool for enrichment and play in domestic felines.