Why do all cats like valerian? - briefly
Cats are often attracted to valerian due to its strong scent, which mimics certain pheromones that cats naturally produce. This scent can induce a state of euphoria or arousal in cats, making them highly responsive to it.
Why do all cats like valerian? - in detail
Cats' attraction to valerian is a well-documented phenomenon that has intrigued scientists and cat owners alike. Valerian, a perennial flowering plant, has a distinctive scent that is highly appealing to felines. This attraction is not universal among all animals; in fact, humans often find the smell of valerian unpleasant, describing it as similar to dirty socks or sweaty feet. The reason for this stark contrast in perception lies in the unique chemical composition of valerian and how it interacts with a cat's sensory system.
Valerian contains a variety of compounds, including iridoids such as valerenic acid and valepotriates. These compounds are believed to mimic certain pheromones or neurochemicals that cats naturally produce. Pheromones are chemical signals that animals release to communicate with others of their species. In cats, pheromones are used to mark territory, signal mating readiness, and convey a sense of security and well-being. When cats detect the scent of valerian, it triggers a response in their brain similar to that of encountering familiar pheromones, leading to a sense of comfort and euphoria.
The olfactory system in cats is exceptionally sensitive, far more so than in humans. Cats have a specialized organ called the Jacobson's organ, also known as the vomeronasal organ, located in the roof of their mouths. This organ is directly connected to the brain and is used to detect pheromones and other chemical signals. When a cat sniffs valerian, the scent molecules are not only detected by the olfactory receptors in the nose but also by the Jacobson's organ, amplifying the sensory experience. This dual detection mechanism enhances the cat's response to valerian, making it even more appealing.
Moreover, valerian has been used in traditional medicine for its sedative and calming effects on humans. While the mechanisms are not fully understood, it is believed that valerian affects the neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps to reduce neuronal excitability, promoting relaxation and reducing anxiety. Although the exact effects of valerian on cats are not well-documented, it is plausible that similar neurochemical pathways are involved in the cats' positive response to the plant.
It is important to note that not all cats are equally attracted to valerian. Individual preferences can vary based on genetics, past experiences, and overall health. Some cats may be more sensitive to the scent, while others may show little to no interest. Additionally, the potency of valerian can differ based on the plant's age, growing conditions, and processing methods. Fresh valerian root is generally more potent than dried forms, and the scent can dissipate over time, affecting its appeal to cats.
In summary, cats' attraction to valerian can be attributed to the plant's unique chemical composition, which mimics natural pheromones and neurochemicals in felines. The highly sensitive olfactory system in cats, including the Jacobson's organ, enhances their detection and response to valerian. While the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, it is clear that valerian triggers a positive sensory and emotional response in many cats, leading to behaviors such as rolling, rubbing, and increased vocalization. Understanding this attraction can help cat owners better appreciate their pets' behavior and provide them with suitable enrichment opportunities.