Why can't cats have garlic? - briefly
Garlic contains thiosulfates and disulfides that are toxic to cats. These compounds can damage their red blood cells, leading to anemia.
Why can't cats have garlic? - in detail
Cats should not consume garlic due to several reasons related to their unique physiology and metabolism. Garlic, along with onions, shallots, leeks, and chives, contains thiosulfates, disulfides, and thiosulfinites that are toxic to cats. These compounds can damage the red blood cells in cats, leading to a condition known as hemolytic anemia. Hemolytic anemia occurs when the red blood cells break down prematurely, reducing their ability to carry oxygen throughout the body. This can result in symptoms such as lethargy, pale gums, rapid heart rate, and even organ failure in severe cases.
Moreover, cats lack a specific enzyme called glutathione transferase that humans and many other animals possess. This enzyme helps break down the toxic compounds found in garlic. Without this enzyme, cats are more susceptible to the harmful effects of these substances. Even small amounts of garlic can be dangerous for cats, as their bodies are not equipped to handle these toxins effectively.
It is important to note that the toxicity in garlic is not limited to fresh cloves; it also applies to dried, powdered, and cooked forms. Additionally, garlic-infused oils or foods intended for human consumption should be avoided when it comes to cats. Garlic supplements marketed for humans are also not safe for cats and can cause similar adverse effects.
In summary, the toxic compounds in garlic, combined with the cat's lack of a specific enzyme to break down these substances, make garlic highly dangerous for felines. It is crucial for cat owners to be aware of this and ensure that their pets do not have access to any form of garlic or garlic-containing products. If a cat accidentally ingests garlic, immediate veterinary attention should be sought to prevent potential serious health complications.