Why are they called cats? - briefly
The term "cats" originates from the Old English word "catt," which itself is derived from the Late Latin "cattus." This word likely entered the English language through the Norman Conquest, replacing the older Anglo-Saxon term "cæt." The modern usage of "cat" to refer to the domesticated feline has been consistent since the Middle English period.
Why are they called cats? - in detail
The term "cats" refers to a species of small, typically furry, carnivorous mammals known scientifically as Felis catus. The origin of the name "cat" is rooted in a rich linguistic history that spans multiple languages and cultures. Understanding this history provides insight into the evolution of human-animal relationships and the spread of domestic animals across the globe.
The word "cat" has its origins in the Old English word "catt," which itself is derived from the Late Latin "cattus." The Latin term is believed to have been borrowed from an unspecified African language, possibly Afro-Asiatic. This suggests that the domestication of cats began in ancient times, likely in regions where early human civilizations interacted with wild felines. The domestication process was gradual and involved the selection of traits that made cats more suitable for living with humans, such as reduced aggression and increased sociability.
As the Romans expanded their empire, they brought the domestic cat with them, spreading the animal and the associated terminology throughout Europe. The Latin "cattus" evolved into various forms in different European languages. For example, in Old French, it became "chat," which later influenced the English language. The Norman Conquest of England in 1066 further solidified the use of the term "cat" in English, as Norman French became a significant influence on the language.
The etymology of the word "cat" also reveals cultural attitudes towards these animals. In many ancient civilizations, cats were revered and often associated with divine or mystical qualities. For instance, in ancient Egypt, cats were sacred animals, and the goddess Bastet was often depicted with a cat's head. This reverence likely contributed to the widespread adoption and domestication of cats, as well as the preservation and dissemination of the term across different cultures.
Moreover, the term "cat" has been used to describe various species within the Felidae family, including larger wild cats such as lions, tigers, and leopards. This broader usage reflects the shared characteristics and behaviors among felines, such as stealth, agility, and hunting prowess. Over time, the term "cat" has come to specifically refer to the domestic species, while other members of the family are distinguished by their scientific names or common names that indicate their species.
In summary, the term "cat" has a deep and complex linguistic history that reflects the long-standing relationship between humans and these animals. From its origins in ancient African languages to its spread throughout Europe via Latin and French, the word "cat" has evolved to describe one of the most beloved and widespread domestic animals in the world. This evolution is a testament to the enduring bond between humans and cats, as well as the cultural significance of these animals in various societies.