Why are my cat's pupils different? - briefly
Cats' pupils can differ in size due to variations in light exposure, emotional state, or underlying health conditions. If the difference persists or is accompanied by other symptoms, consult a veterinarian.
Why are my cat's pupils different? - in detail
Cats have uniquely shaped pupils that can vary in size and appearance depending on lighting conditions, emotional state, and health. The vertical slit-shaped pupils of cats are an evolutionary adaptation that allows them to control the amount of light entering their eyes with precision, which is particularly useful for their nocturnal and crepuscular hunting habits. In bright light, the pupils contract into narrow slits to reduce light intake and protect the retina. In low light, the pupils dilate significantly to maximize light absorption, enhancing their night vision.
Differences in pupil size between the two eyes, known as anisocoria, can occur and may be temporary or indicative of an underlying issue. Temporary differences can result from uneven lighting, where one eye is exposed to more light than the other, causing one pupil to constrict while the other remains dilated. Emotional factors, such as excitement or stress, can also cause temporary pupil asymmetry.
However, persistent or sudden changes in pupil size can signal health concerns. Conditions such as eye injuries, infections, glaucoma, or neurological disorders may cause anisocoria. For example, damage to the optic nerve or issues with the muscles controlling the iris can lead to uneven pupil dilation. Additionally, systemic illnesses like high blood pressure or feline leukemia virus can affect the eyes and result in pupil irregularities.
If you notice consistent or sudden changes in your cat’s pupils, it is essential to consult a veterinarian. They can perform a thorough examination to determine the cause and recommend appropriate treatment. Observing your cat’s behavior, such as squinting, pawing at the eyes, or changes in vision, can provide additional clues about their eye health. Regular veterinary check-ups and prompt attention to any unusual symptoms are crucial for maintaining your cat’s overall well-being.