Why are cats' mammary glands swollen? - briefly
Swollen mammary glands in cats are often linked to pregnancy, lactation, or conditions like mastitis, which is an infection of the mammary tissue. Hormonal changes, false pregnancy, or tumors can also cause this swelling.
Why are cats' mammary glands swollen? - in detail
Swelling of a cat’s mammary glands can occur due to several physiological or pathological reasons. One of the most common causes is pregnancy, as the mammary glands naturally enlarge in preparation for lactation. This process is driven by hormonal changes, particularly the rise in progesterone and estrogen levels, which stimulate glandular tissue development. After giving birth, the mammary glands continue to swell as they produce milk for the kittens. Another related condition is pseudopregnancy, where a non-pregnant cat exhibits signs of pregnancy, including mammary gland swelling, due to hormonal imbalances. This can occur after a heat cycle if ovulation has taken place but fertilization has not. Infections, such as mastitis, are another significant cause of swelling. Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary tissue, often resulting from bacterial entry through the nipples, typically during nursing. This condition can cause redness, pain, and warmth in the affected area, and if left untreated, it can lead to abscess formation or systemic infection. Mammary gland tumors are also a concern, particularly in older, unspayed female cats. These tumors can be benign or malignant, with malignant forms being highly aggressive in felines. Hormonal influences, such as prolonged exposure to estrogen, increase the risk of tumor development. Spaying a cat before her first heat cycle significantly reduces this risk. Other potential causes include trauma to the mammary area, hormonal therapies, or systemic conditions that affect fluid balance or inflammation. If a cat’s mammary glands are swollen, it is essential to consult a veterinarian for a thorough examination, as early diagnosis and treatment are critical for addressing underlying issues and ensuring the cat’s health.