Why are cats attracted to valerian root? - briefly
Cats are drawn to valerian root due to its strong scent, which mimics the pheromones released by female cats in heat. This attraction is primarily driven by the presence of actinidine, a compound found in valerian that triggers a hormonal response in male cats, leading them to exhibit behaviors such as rolling, rubbing, and drooling.
Why are cats attracted to valerian root? - in detail
Cats are often drawn to valerian root, a perennial herb native to Europe and Asia, for several reasons related to their natural behavior and biological makeup. The attraction can be attributed to the presence of certain compounds in the plant that mimic specific pheromones and neurotransmitters in cats' bodies.
Firstly, valerian root contains actinidine, a compound that is structurally similar to nepetalactone, the active ingredient found in catnip (Nepeta cataria). When cats come into contact with valerian root or its extracts, they may exhibit similar behaviors to those seen with catnip exposure. These include rolling, rubbing, purring, and a general state of euphoria. The actinidine in valerian root activates the same receptors in cats' brains as nepetalactone, leading to this reaction.
Secondly, valerian root is known for its sedative properties due to the presence of valerenic acid and other compounds that interact with GABA receptors in the brain. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is a neurotransmitter that helps regulate anxiety and stress levels. By binding to these receptors, valerian root can induce a calming effect in cats, similar to how it affects humans. This could explain why some cats seem particularly attracted to or interested in valerian root, as the plant may provide them with a sense of relaxation or comfort.
Lastly, the scent of valerian root is quite potent and distinctive, which can captivate cats' attention. Cats have an extremely sensitive sense of smell, with over 200 million olfactory receptors compared to humans' roughly 5 million. The strong aroma of valerian root may trigger their curiosity or hunting instincts, as they are naturally drawn to new and interesting scents in their environment.
In summary, cats are attracted to valerian root due to the presence of actinidine, which mimics nepetalactone from catnip, and other compounds that interact with GABA receptors in the brain. The strong scent of the plant also plays a role in captivating their attention. These factors combined make valerian root an appealing and intriguing substance for felines.