Why are cats addicted to catnip? - briefly
Cats are drawn to catnip because it contains nepetalactone, a compound that binds to their olfactory receptors and triggers a euphoric response.
Why are cats addicted to catnip? - in detail
Cats exhibit a strong attraction to catnip due to the presence of a chemical compound called nepetalactone, which is found in the leaves and stems of the plant. When cats encounter catnip, they often sniff, lick, chew, or rub against it, behaviors that release nepetalactone into the air. This compound binds to olfactory receptors in the cat’s nose, triggering a sensory response that stimulates the brain’s olfactory bulb. The signal is then transmitted to the amygdala and hypothalamus, regions of the brain associated with emotional and behavioral responses. This interaction results in a temporary state of euphoria, characterized by behaviors such as rolling, purring, and hyperactivity. The reaction is hereditary, with approximately 50-70% of cats being genetically predisposed to respond to catnip. Kittens and older cats are less likely to exhibit this behavior, as sensitivity to nepetalactone typically develops between three and six months of age. The effects of catnip are short-lived, usually lasting between 5 to 15 minutes, after which cats become temporarily immune to its effects for about 30 minutes to a few hours. While the exact evolutionary purpose of this response remains unclear, some theories suggest it may have served as a natural insect repellent or a way to encourage play and hunting behaviors. Despite its strong allure, catnip is non-addictive and harmless to cats, making it a safe and enriching experience for those that respond to it.