Why are a cat's white blood cells elevated? - briefly
A cat's white blood cell count may be elevated due to infection or inflammation in the body. This increase is part of the immune system's response to fight off foreign invaders or heal damaged tissue.
Why are a cat's white blood cells elevated? - in detail
The elevation of a cat's white blood cells, also known as leukocytosis, can indicate several underlying conditions. White blood cells (WBCs) are crucial components of the immune system, playing a vital role in fighting infections and diseases. When their count is higher than normal, it often signals that the body is responding to an infection or inflammation. Here are some detailed reasons why a cat's white blood cell count might be elevated:
Firstly, infections are one of the primary causes of leukocytosis in cats. Bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections can trigger an increase in WBC production as the body attempts to combat the invading pathogens. Common infections that may lead to elevated white blood cells include respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and skin infections.
Secondly, inflammation can also cause an increase in white blood cell count. Inflammation occurs when the body responds to injury or irritation, leading to the release of WBCs to the affected area. Chronic inflammatory conditions such as pancreatitis or inflammatory bowel disease may result in persistent leukocytosis.
Thirdly, certain diseases and conditions can affect the production and regulation of white blood cells. For example, cancer, particularly lymphoma or leukemia, can cause a marked increase in WBC count due to the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal white blood cells. Additionally, some non-cancerous conditions like steroid use or certain medications can also elevate WBC levels.
Furthermore, stress and emotional disturbances can temporarily raise white blood cell counts. Cats are sensitive animals and may experience an increase in WBCs during periods of high stress, such as moving to a new home or encountering unfamiliar environments.
Lastly, the normal physiological response to physical exertion or exercise can also result in a temporary elevation of white blood cells. Intense physical activity stimulates the production and release of WBCs into the bloodstream as part of the body's natural defense mechanisms.
In conclusion, while an elevated white blood cell count in cats often indicates infection or inflammation, it is essential to consider other potential causes. A thorough evaluation by a veterinarian, including a complete medical history and physical examination, along with diagnostic tests such as blood work and urinalysis, can help determine the underlying reason for leukocytosis and guide appropriate treatment options.