Why are a cat's lymph nodes swollen? - briefly
Swollen lymph nodes in cats often indicate an immune response to infections, inflammation, or, in some cases, underlying diseases such as lymphoma. Prompt veterinary evaluation is essential to determine the cause and initiate appropriate treatment.
Why are a cat's lymph nodes swollen? - in detail
Swollen lymph nodes in cats, known as lymphadenopathy, are a common clinical sign indicating an underlying health issue. Lymph nodes are integral components of the immune system, acting as filters for harmful substances and sites for immune cell activation. When a cat’s lymph nodes become enlarged, it is typically a response to infection, inflammation, or disease. Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections are frequent causes, as the lymph nodes work to trap and destroy pathogens. For example, upper respiratory infections or dental abscesses can lead to swelling in the submandibular or retropharyngeal lymph nodes. Immune-mediated diseases, such as feline leukemia virus (FeLV) or feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), can also trigger lymphadenopathy by compromising the immune system and allowing secondary infections or abnormal immune responses. Inflammatory conditions, including allergies or autoimmune disorders, may cause lymph node enlargement due to heightened immune activity. Neoplasia, or cancer, is another significant cause, with lymphoma being the most common type of cancer affecting feline lymph nodes. This malignancy leads to abnormal lymphocyte proliferation, resulting in swollen nodes. Less commonly, metabolic disorders or exposure to toxins can contribute to lymph node swelling. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough physical examination, blood tests, imaging, and sometimes a biopsy to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the specific condition, ranging from antibiotics for infections to chemotherapy for cancer. Monitoring lymph node size and addressing the root cause promptly are essential for managing the cat’s health effectively.