Whom did cats exterminate? - briefly
Cats have been known to significantly reduce populations of small mammals and birds, particularly in areas where they are introduced as invasive species.
Whom did cats exterminate? - in detail
Cats, both domestic and wild, have been associated with the decline or extinction of numerous species worldwide. This phenomenon is primarily driven by their predatory nature and the sheer number of cats in many regions. Here's a detailed look at some of the species that have been affected:
One of the most notable impacts is on bird populations. Cats are efficient predators, capable of killing birds both on the ground and in trees. In New Zealand, for example, cats introduced by settlers have contributed significantly to the decline of several endemic bird species, including the kakapo parrot. Studies estimate that cats kill millions of birds annually in the United States alone.
In addition to birds, small mammals are also severely impacted. Cats prey on a variety of rodents and other small creatures, which can lead to local extinctions, particularly on islands where species have evolved without natural predators. In Australia, cats have been implicated in the decline of numerous native marsupial species, such as the bilby and the numbat.
Reptiles and amphibians are not exempt from cat predation either. Cats will often kill these animals even if they do not consume them, which can disrupt local ecosystems. For instance, in Hawaii, cats have been linked to the decline of several native lizard species.
Furthermore, cats can transmit diseases that affect other wildlife. One notable example is toxoplasmosis, a parasitic infection that can be fatal to marine mammals and sea otters. Cats excrete oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii in their feces, which can contaminate waterways and ultimately infect these vulnerable species.
The impact of cats extends beyond wildlife populations. They have also been implicated in the decline of some plant species by preying on pollinators and seed dispersers. For example, cats that hunt bees and other pollinating insects can reduce the reproductive success of certain plants.
In summary, cats have played a significant role in the decline or extinction of numerous species across various ecosystems. Their predatory behavior, combined with their widespread presence, poses a substantial threat to biodiversity. Understanding and addressing this issue requires a multifaceted approach that includes conservation efforts, responsible pet ownership, and education about the ecological impact of cats.