Who are called domestic cats? - briefly
Domestic cats, scientifically known as Felis catus, are small carnivorous mammals that have been selectively bred and kept as pets by humans for thousands of years. They are valued companions, known for their independence and affectionate nature.
Who are called domestic cats? - in detail
Domestic cats, often referred to as felis catus, are small carnivorous mammals that have been living alongside humans for thousands of years. Originating from the African wildcat (Felis lybica), these animals were first domesticated in the Near East around 10,000 years ago. The process of domestication began when early farmers started storing grain, which attracted rodents, and in turn, attracted wildcats that preyed on these pests. Over time, humans selectively bred these cats for their usefulness in controlling vermin populations, leading to the development of distinct breeds with varying physical characteristics and temperaments.
Domestic cats are known for their adaptability and resilience, thriving in a wide range of environments from urban apartments to rural farms. They exhibit a unique set of behaviors that have evolved over generations, such as purring, kneading, and marking territory through scratching or spraying. These actions serve various purposes, including communication with humans and other cats, as well as asserting dominance within their social hierarchy.
Physically, domestic cats possess several features that set them apart from their wild ancestors. Their bodies are generally smaller and more compact, with shorter legs relative to their body length. They also have a wider range of coat colors and patterns due to selective breeding, unlike the uniform tawny or grey coats found in African wildcats. Additionally, domestic cats have developed a more varied diet, consuming both meat-based foods provided by humans and occasional small prey like mice or birds.
In addition to their physical attributes, domestic cats display notable psychological traits that contribute to their popularity as pets. They exhibit strong emotional bonds with their human caregivers, often demonstrating affection through behaviors such as rubbing against legs or napping on laps. This capacity for forming attachments has been observed across various cat breeds and is thought to be a result of co-evolution between cats and humans over millennia.
Furthermore, domestic cats possess an array of sensory abilities that enhance their survival both in the wild and in human environments. Their keen sense of smell helps them navigate their surroundings and detect changes in their environment, while their acute hearing allows them to pick up on high-frequency sounds that humans cannot perceive. Their exceptional night vision, provided by a specialized layer of reflective cells called the tapetum lucidum behind the retina, enables them to see clearly even in low light conditions.
In conclusion, domestic cats are highly adapted animals that have evolved alongside human civilization for thousands of years. Through selective breeding and co-evolution, they have developed unique physical characteristics, behavioral traits, and sensory abilities that make them well-suited companions for humans. Their resilience and adaptability continue to ensure their enduring popularity as pets in diverse settings worldwide.