Which parasites from cats can be transmitted to humans? - briefly
Cats can transmit several parasites to humans through direct contact or contaminated environments. The most common are Toxoplasma gondii, which causes toxoplasmosis, and hookworms (Ancylostoma braziliense), which can lead to cutaneous larva migrans.
Which parasites from cats can be transmitted to humans? - in detail
Cats, as popular pets, can transmit several parasites to humans through direct contact or via their feces. While most of these parasites do not cause significant health issues in immunocompetent individuals, they can pose serious risks to young children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals.
One of the most common parasites transmitted from cats to humans is Toxoplasma gondii. This protozoan parasite is found worldwide and is responsible for toxoplasmosis. Humans typically acquire toxoplasmosis by accidentally ingesting contaminated soil, undercooked meat, or cat feces containing the parasite's oocysts. Pregnant women are particularly at risk because infection during pregnancy can lead to congenital toxoplasmosis, which may result in fetal damage or miscarriage.
Another notable parasite is Bartonella henselae, the bacterium responsible for cat-scratch disease (CSD). Humans contract CSD through contact with infected cats, often during playful scratching or biting. While most cases resolve on their own, some individuals may develop complications such as encephalitis or osteomyelitis.
Hookworms, specifically Ancylostoma braziliense, can also be transmitted from cats to humans. Human infection with this parasite occurs when the larvae penetrate the skin, typically through direct contact with contaminated soil or sand. Infection may cause a condition known as cutaneous larva migrans, characterized by itchy, serpiginous lesions on the skin.
Lastly, cats can transmit tapeworms to humans, notably Dipylidium caninum and Taenia taeniaeformis. Humans acquire these infections through accidental ingestion of infected fleas or lice that carry the parasite's eggs. While generally not serious, these infections can cause discomfort and may require medical intervention for resolution.
To minimize the risk of transmitting these parasites from cats to humans, it is essential to practice good hygiene, regularly deworm pets, and maintain a clean environment. Handwashing after handling cats or cleaning their litter boxes is crucial, as is avoiding contact with potentially contaminated soil or sand. Additionally, pregnant women should avoid changing cat litter and should ensure that their cats are maintained indoors to reduce the risk of infection.