Which cat appeared first? - briefly
The first domesticated cat species is believed to be the African Wildcat, which began to associate with human settlements around 10,000 years ago. This feline's proximity to early agricultural communities likely marked the initial stages of domestication.
Which cat appeared first? - in detail
Determining the first appearance of cats in human history involves delving into the realms of archaeology, genetics, and historical records. The domestication of cats is a fascinating journey that spans thousands of years and multiple regions around the world.
The earliest evidence of cats living alongside humans dates back to around 10,000 years ago. Archaeological findings in Cyprus have revealed the remains of a cat buried alongside a human, suggesting a close relationship between the two species during the Neolithic period. This discovery is significant as it predates many other known instances of cat domestication. The cat in question, dubbed the "Cyprus Cat," is believed to have been a wildcat that formed a mutualistic relationship with early human farmers, likely helping to control rodent populations.
Genetic studies have further illuminated the origins of domestic cats. Research indicates that the Felis catus, the scientific name for the domestic cat, is descended from the Near Eastern wildcat (Felis silvestris lybica). These wildcats began to associate with human settlements around 8,000 to 9,000 years ago, attracted by the abundance of rodents that thrived in agricultural environments. Over time, through a process of natural selection and human intervention, these wildcats evolved into the domestic cats we know today.
The domestication process was gradual and likely involved several stages. Initially, wildcats would have been tolerated by humans due to their pest control benefits. Over generations, those wildcats that were more tolerant of human presence and less aggressive would have been more likely to survive and reproduce. This selection pressure led to the development of traits that are characteristic of domestic cats, such as tameness and sociability.
Historical records from ancient civilizations also provide insights into the early presence of cats. Ancient Egyptian art and writings from around 3,000 years ago depict cats as revered animals, often associated with deities like Bastet. While these records do not indicate the first appearance of cats, they highlight the significant place that cats held in early human societies. The Egyptians' reverence for cats suggests that the animals had been part of their lives for a considerable period, further supporting the idea of an ancient domestication process.
In summary, the first appearance of cats in human history can be traced back to around 10,000 years ago, with the earliest evidence coming from archaeological sites in Cyprus. Genetic research and historical records from ancient civilizations like Egypt provide additional layers of understanding, painting a picture of a gradual domestication process driven by mutual benefits and natural selection. This journey from wildcat to beloved pet is a testament to the enduring bond between humans and felines.