When did the first cat appear and what is its origin? - briefly
The first cats appeared approximately 10,000 years ago in the Near East, specifically in present-day Iraq. Their origins can be traced back to wildcats, with the African wildcat (Felis lybica) being the most likely ancestor of today's domestic cat.
When did the first cat appear and what is its origin? - in detail
The precise origins of the domestic cat remain shrouded in mystery, but scientific evidence suggests that felines have been associated with humans for thousands of years. The earliest known interaction between cats and humans dates back to around 9500 BC in Cyprus, where archaeologists discovered the remains of a wildcat buried alongside humans. This discovery indicates that even at this early stage, cats held some form of significance or companionship status among human societies.
The domestication of cats is believed to have begun independently in different parts of the world, with significant developments occurring around 4000 BC in ancient Egypt. In this region, cats were highly revered and often depicted in art and literature. The goddess Bastet, who had a cat's head, was worshipped as a symbol of fertility, motherhood, and protection. This cultural significance contributed to the spread of domesticated cats throughout the Mediterranean and into Europe.
Genetic studies have further elucidated the origins of domestic cats. Research conducted on mitochondrial DNA suggests that all modern domestic cats can be traced back to five maternal lineages, with the most common ancestor originating in the Near East around 100,000 years ago. These wild ancestors are believed to have been attracted to human settlements due to the abundance of rodents and other small prey that were drawn to human habitations. Over time, these cats adapted to living alongside humans, with selective breeding leading to the development of various cat breeds we see today.
The spread of domestic cats followed major trade routes, facilitating their dissemination across continents. By the Middle Ages, cats were common in European households and were valued for their ability to control pests such as rats and mice, which carried diseases like the plague. This practical role further solidified the cat's status as a valuable companion animal.
In summary, while the exact timing of the first domestic cat remains uncertain, evidence suggests that cats have been associated with humans for at least 9500 years. The origins of domestic cats are traced back to multiple regions, with significant developments occurring in ancient Egypt and the Near East. Genetic studies indicate that all modern domestic cats share a common ancestor from the Near East, dating back around 100,000 years. The spread of domestic cats was facilitated by trade routes and their practical role in pest control, cementing their place as beloved companions in human societies worldwide.