When and how was the cat domesticated? - briefly
The domestication of cats began around 9,000 years ago in the Near East, primarily as a mutually beneficial relationship where cats controlled pests in early agricultural settlements.
When and how was the cat domesticated? - in detail
The domestication of cats is a fascinating process that unfolded over thousands of years, deeply intertwined with human agricultural practices. The earliest evidence of cat domestication dates back to around 7500 BCE in the Near East, specifically in the Fertile Crescent, where early agricultural societies began to settle. As humans transitioned from nomadic lifestyles to farming, they stored surplus grain, which attracted rodents. Wild cats, likely the African wildcat (Felis silvestris lybica), were drawn to these settlements by the abundance of prey. Over time, a mutually beneficial relationship developed: cats helped control rodent populations, and humans provided a steady food source.
Archaeological findings, such as the discovery of a cat buried alongside a human in Cyprus around 9500 years ago, suggest that cats were already living in close proximity to humans by this time. However, unlike dogs, cats were not actively domesticated through selective breeding. Instead, they essentially domesticated themselves by adapting to human environments. This process, known as commensal domestication, allowed cats to retain much of their independence and natural behaviors.
The relationship between cats and humans deepened in ancient Egypt around 2000 BCE, where cats were revered and associated with deities such as Bastet. Egyptians not only valued cats for their pest control abilities but also celebrated them in art, religion, and daily life. This cultural elevation further solidified the bond between cats and humans. Over centuries, cats spread across the globe through trade and exploration, accompanying sailors to control rodents on ships. Their adaptability and utility ensured their continued presence in human societies.
Genetic studies have provided further insights into cat domestication. Research indicates that modern domestic cats (Felis catus) share a common ancestor with the African wildcat. While domestication has led to some genetic changes, such as coat color variations and reduced aggression, cats remain remarkably similar to their wild counterparts in behavior and physiology. This unique domestication journey highlights the distinct nature of the human-cat relationship, one that has evolved through coexistence rather than direct human intervention.