What triggers a cat allergy? - briefly
A cat allergy is primarily triggered by exposure to proteins found in a cat's saliva, dander (dead skin flakes), and urine, which can become airborne and inhaled. These proteins, particularly Fel d 1, are the main allergens causing immune system reactions in sensitive individuals.
What triggers a cat allergy? - in detail
A cat allergy is primarily triggered by exposure to specific proteins found in a cat's saliva, skin, and urine. The most common allergen is Fel d 1, a protein secreted by sebaceous glands in a cat's skin and present in their saliva. When cats groom themselves, this protein is transferred to their fur and dander, which are tiny flakes of skin shed by the animal. These allergens become airborne and can be inhaled, settle on surfaces, or cling to clothing, leading to allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Another allergen, Fel d 4, is found in cat saliva and is also a significant contributor to allergic symptoms. When cats lick their fur, the saliva dries and becomes airborne, further spreading the allergen. Additionally, cat urine contains proteins that can evaporate into the air, particularly in enclosed spaces like litter boxes, exacerbating allergic reactions. The immune system of individuals with cat allergies mistakenly identifies these proteins as harmful, triggering the release of histamines and other chemicals that cause symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes, and skin rashes. The severity of the allergy can vary depending on the individual's sensitivity, the level of exposure, and the specific allergens involved. Even in environments where cats are not present, allergens can persist for months due to their ability to adhere to surfaces and remain airborne. Understanding the sources and mechanisms of these allergens is essential for managing and mitigating allergic reactions effectively.