What should I do if scratched by a rabid cat? - briefly
If you are scratched by a rabid cat, promptly wash the wound with soap and warm water for at least 15 minutes. Then, seek immediate medical attention and inform your healthcare provider about the potential exposure to rabies.
What should I do if scratched by a rabid cat? - in detail
If you have been scratched by a rabid cat, it is crucial to take immediate and decisive action to prevent the development of rabies, a viral disease that affects the nervous system and is almost always fatal once symptoms appear. Here are the detailed steps you should follow:
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Clean the Wound Thoroughly: As soon as possible after the scratch, clean the wound with soap and warm water. Scrubbing gently for at least 15 minutes will help remove any saliva or other infectious material from the cat.
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Apply an Antiseptic: After cleaning, apply an antiseptic solution such as povidone-iodine or hydrogen peroxide to the wound. This will further reduce the risk of infection.
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Seek Medical Attention Promptly: Even if you have cleaned and treated the wound yourself, it is essential to seek medical attention immediately. Inform your healthcare provider about the incident and provide as much detail as possible, including the time and place of the scratch and the behavior of the cat (e.g., foaming at the mouth, aggression).
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Post-Exposure Prophylaxis: Your doctor will likely recommend post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), which consists of a series of rabies vaccinations. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the following regimen:
- Immediate Vaccination: A dose of rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) should be administered as soon as possible, ideally within 24 hours after exposure. This is typically given in a single dose, with the amount depending on your weight.
- Vaccine Series: Four doses of rabies vaccine are then given over a period of 14 days. The first dose is administered at the same time as the RIG, with subsequent doses given on days 3, 7, and 14.
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Monitor for Symptoms: Even with prompt treatment, it is essential to monitor yourself closely for any signs of rabies. Symptoms may not appear for weeks or even months after exposure but can include fever, headache, weakness, and paralysis. If you experience any of these symptoms, seek immediate medical attention.
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Report the Incident: In addition to seeking medical treatment, it is crucial to report the incident to local animal control authorities. This will help in monitoring the cat's behavior and taking appropriate measures to prevent further exposures.
By following these steps promptly and diligently, you can significantly reduce the risk of developing rabies after being scratched by an infected cat.