What is the norm for cat allergy? - briefly
The norm for cat allergy involves an immune system overreaction to proteins in cat dander, saliva, or urine, typically causing symptoms like sneezing, itching, or nasal congestion.
What is the norm for cat allergy? - in detail
Cat allergy, also known as feline allergy, is an immune response triggered by exposure to proteins found in cat dander, saliva, or urine. The primary allergen responsible for this reaction is a protein called Fel d 1, which is produced in the sebaceous glands of a cat’s skin and is present in their saliva. When cats groom themselves, this protein is transferred to their fur and subsequently shed into the environment as dander. The immune system of individuals with cat allergies mistakenly identifies these proteins as harmful, leading to the production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. This triggers the release of histamine and other chemicals, causing allergic symptoms such as sneezing, nasal congestion, itchy or watery eyes, coughing, wheezing, and skin rashes. In severe cases, exposure can lead to asthma attacks or anaphylaxis, though the latter is extremely rare. The severity of symptoms varies widely among individuals, with some experiencing mild discomfort and others facing significant health challenges. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through skin prick tests or blood tests that measure specific IgE levels. Management strategies include minimizing exposure to cats, using air purifiers, regular cleaning, and medications like antihistamines, nasal corticosteroids, or allergy shots (immunotherapy) for long-term relief. It is important to note that no cat breed is entirely hypoallergenic, as all cats produce Fel d 1, though some breeds may produce lower levels. Understanding the mechanisms and management of cat allergies is essential for individuals affected by this condition to maintain a healthy and comfortable lifestyle.