What is the name of the virus in cats? - briefly
The most common viruses in cats are Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV).
What is the name of the virus in cats? - in detail
The virus in cats, commonly known as feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), is a lentivirus that primarily affects the immune system of felines. FIV belongs to the family Retroviridae and shares similarities with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is often referred to as the "feline AIDS" due to its debilitating effects on the cat's immune system, though it does not cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans.
FIV is transmitted through deep bite wounds, typically occurring during aggressive encounters between cats. The virus targets and destroys specific types of white blood cells, known as CD4+ T-lymphocytes, which are crucial for the body's defense against infections. Over time, the progressive depletion of these cells leads to a weakened immune system, making infected cats more susceptible to various opportunistic infections and diseases.
Symptoms of FIV infection may not appear immediately; in fact, some cats can remain asymptomatic for years. However, as the virus advances, common signs include weight loss, lethargy, poor coat condition, recurrent infections (such as those affecting the skin, upper respiratory tract, and urinary system), and enlarged lymph nodes.
Diagnosis of FIV involves blood tests that detect antibodies against the virus. Early detection is vital for managing the disease effectively through supportive care and treatments aimed at boosting the immune system and preventing secondary infections. While there is no cure for FIV, proper medical management can significantly improve the quality of life and longevity of infected cats.
Preventive measures include minimizing cat-to-cat aggression, especially among outdoor cats, and avoiding introductions between uninfected and infected felines. Vaccination against FIV is also available in some regions, providing an additional layer of protection for at-risk populations.