What is the name of the allergy to cat hair? - briefly
Cat allergies are most commonly caused by a protein found in cat saliva, urine, and dander. This specific allergy is known as Fel d 1 allergy.
What is the name of the allergy to cat hair? - in detail
Cat hair allergy, medically known as allergic rhinitis or allergic asthma when triggered by cat dander, is a common issue affecting many individuals. This type of allergy is caused by a reaction to proteins found in cat saliva, urine, and dander (dead skin cells). When a cat licks its fur, these proteins are deposited onto the hair, which then becomes airborne and can be inhaled by sensitive individuals.
The primary protein responsible for cat allergies is Fel d 1. This protein is produced in the cat's sebaceous glands, saliva, and urine. When cats groom themselves, Fel d 1 is spread onto their fur and subsequently into the environment. This protein is lightweight and sticky, allowing it to remain suspended in the air for extended periods, making it easy to inhale.
Symptoms of a cat hair allergy can vary but often include:
- Sneezing
- Itchy, red, or watery eyes
- Nasal congestion
- Itchy nose, roof of mouth, or throat
- Postnasal drip
- Cough
- Facial pressure and pain
- Frequent awakening
- Swollen, blue-colored skin under your eyes
- Frequent headaches
- Snoring
In more severe cases, exposure to cat dander can trigger asthma symptoms, such as:
- Difficulty breathing
- Chest tightness or pain
- Audible whistling or wheezing sound when exhaling
- Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath, coughing, or wheezing
Diagnosis of a cat hair allergy typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and allergy testing. Skin prick tests and blood tests can help identify specific allergens, including those from cats. Treatment options include avoiding exposure to cats, using medications to manage symptoms, and in some cases, undergoing allergy immunotherapy.
Avoidance strategies may include keeping cats out of the bedroom, using air purifiers, and regularly cleaning the home to reduce dander. Medications such as antihistamines, decongestants, and nasal corticosteroids can help alleviate symptoms. For those with severe allergies, allergy shots or sublingual immunotherapy may be recommended to desensitize the immune system to cat allergens.