What is the name of a cat allergen? - briefly
The primary cat allergen is called Fel d 1. This protein is found in cat saliva and skin, and it is responsible for most allergic reactions to cats.
What is the name of a cat allergen? - in detail
The primary allergen in cats, responsible for causing allergic reactions in humans, is known as Fel d 1. This protein is secreted by sebaceous glands located in the skin of felines and is also present in their saliva and urine. When cats groom themselves, they distribute Fel d 1 throughout their fur, which then becomes airborne when the cat sheds. This allergen can persist in the environment for extended periods, making it a significant concern for individuals with cat allergies.
Fel d 1 is highly resistant to heat and many cleaning agents, contributing to its longevity in indoor environments. Its small size allows it to remain suspended in the air for prolonged durations, facilitating easy inhalation by allergy sufferers. The protein binds to dust particles, further aiding its dispersal throughout the environment.
Research has shown that Fel d 1 is the most potent cat allergen, triggering symptoms such as sneezing, itchy eyes, and nasal congestion in allergic individuals. It can also exacerbate asthma symptoms in those with both cat allergies and asthma. While other allergens, like Fel d 2 and Fel d 3, are present in cat dander, Fel d 1 is considered the most significant due to its high allergenicity and widespread distribution.
Understanding the nature of Fel d 1 is crucial for developing effective strategies to manage cat allergies. Allergy sufferers can take steps such as maintaining a clean living environment, using air purifiers, and minimizing direct contact with cats to reduce exposure to this potent allergen.