What is the breed of three-colored cats called? - briefly
Three-colored cats are commonly referred to as Calico or Tortoiseshell. These names are used interchangeably to describe cats with a tri-color coat pattern, typically consisting of white, black, and orange or red fur.
What is the breed of three-colored cats called? - in detail
Three-colored cats, often referred to as calico or tortoiseshell cats, are not a specific breed but rather a coat pattern that can appear in various breeds. The term "calico" typically describes cats with large patches of three colors: white, orange, and black or gray. These patches are usually well-defined and distinct. The name "calico" originates from the calico fabric, which is characterized by its multicolored patchwork design.
On the other hand, tortoiseshell cats exhibit a brindled or mosaic pattern of orange and black or gray fur, often with white markings. The term "tortie" is a common abbreviation for tortoiseshell. Unlike calico cats, tortoiseshells usually have a more blended appearance, with the colors intermingled rather than in distinct patches.
The genetic basis for these coat patterns is fascinating. The orange gene is located on the X chromosome, which means that females, having two X chromosomes, can express both orange and black or gray colors. Males, having only one X chromosome, typically cannot express both colors simultaneously unless they are chimeras or have a genetic anomaly such as Klinefelter syndrome (XXY).
Calico and tortoiseshell patterns can appear in numerous breeds, including domestic shorthairs and longhairs, as well as specific breeds like the British Shorthair, Persian, Maine Coon, and others. Due to the genetic requirements, almost all calico and tortoiseshell cats are female. Male calicos and tortoiseshells are rare and often sterile, occurring in approximately one in every 3,000 births.
In folklore and superstition, calico cats are often associated with good luck and prosperity, particularly in countries like the United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom. In Maryland, USA, the calico cat is the official state cat. In Japan, the three-colored cat, known as "mi-ke" or "mike-neko," is considered a symbol of good fortune and is often depicted in traditional art and literature.
Understanding these patterns and their genetic underpinnings provides insights into the diverse and complex world of feline genetics. Whether a cat is a calico or a tortoiseshell, the beauty and uniqueness of their coat patterns make them beloved companions and subjects of fascination for cat enthusiasts worldwide.