What is tetanus in cats? - briefly
Tetanus in cats is a rare but serious bacterial infection caused by Clostridium tetani, leading to muscle stiffness, spasms, and potentially life-threatening complications.
What is tetanus in cats? - in detail
Tetanus in cats is a rare but serious bacterial infection caused by Clostridium tetani, a bacterium commonly found in soil, dust, and animal feces. This bacterium produces a potent neurotoxin called tetanospasmin, which affects the nervous system and leads to severe muscle stiffness and spasms. Cats are generally less susceptible to tetanus compared to humans and other animals, but the condition can still occur, particularly through wounds contaminated with the bacterium. The bacteria enter the body via deep puncture wounds, cuts, or surgical incisions, where they thrive in low-oxygen environments. Once the toxin is released, it travels through the bloodstream and nervous system, blocking inhibitory nerve signals and causing uncontrolled muscle contractions. Symptoms typically appear within a few days to several weeks after infection and may include muscle rigidity, difficulty moving, a stiff gait, facial muscle spasms leading to a "sardonic grin," and hypersensitivity to touch or sound. In severe cases, respiratory muscles can be affected, leading to life-threatening breathing difficulties. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs, history of injury, and exclusion of other conditions. Treatment involves wound cleaning, administration of tetanus antitoxin to neutralize the toxin, antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria, and supportive care such as muscle relaxants, pain management, and, in severe cases, mechanical ventilation. Prevention focuses on proper wound care, avoiding exposure to contaminated environments, and, in some cases, vaccination. While tetanus in cats is uncommon, prompt veterinary attention is crucial for a positive outcome, as the disease can be fatal if left untreated.