What is pyometra in a cat? - briefly
Pyometra in a cat is a serious uterine infection characterized by the accumulation of pus, often occurring in unspayed females, particularly after heat cycles.
What is pyometra in a cat? - in detail
Pyometra in a cat is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the accumulation of pus within the uterus. This condition typically occurs in unspayed female cats, particularly those that have reached reproductive maturity. It is most commonly observed in older cats but can affect younger ones as well. Pyometra is often linked to hormonal changes, especially after a heat cycle when progesterone levels remain elevated, causing the uterine lining to thicken and creating an environment conducive to bacterial infection. The cervix, which normally remains closed except during estrus, may also remain closed during pyometra, trapping the infection inside the uterus. In some cases, the cervix may open, allowing pus to drain, but this does not eliminate the severity of the condition. Symptoms of pyometra include lethargy, loss of appetite, increased thirst and urination, vomiting, abdominal swelling, and, in severe cases, fever or signs of septic shock. If left untreated, pyometra can lead to uterine rupture, systemic infection, kidney failure, or death. Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of physical examination, blood tests, ultrasound imaging, and evaluation of clinical signs. The most effective treatment for pyometra is emergency surgical removal of the uterus and ovaries, known as an ovariohysterectomy, along with supportive care such as fluid therapy and antibiotics to combat infection. Early detection and prompt veterinary intervention are critical to improving the prognosis. Preventive measures include spaying female cats that are not intended for breeding, as this eliminates the risk of pyometra entirely. Understanding the signs and risks associated with this condition is essential for cat owners to ensure the health and well-being of their pets.