What is MBD in cats? - briefly
MBD, or Metabolic Bone Disease, in cats is a condition caused by imbalances in calcium, phosphorus, or vitamin D, leading to weakened bones and skeletal deformities. It often results from poor diet or inadequate nutrition.
What is MBD in cats? - in detail
Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD) in cats is a condition characterized by abnormalities in bone formation, structure, and strength due to imbalances in calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D metabolism. This disorder often arises from dietary deficiencies or imbalances, particularly when cats are fed an inappropriate diet lacking essential nutrients or when there is an excess of phosphorus relative to calcium. MBD is most commonly observed in growing kittens, as their bones are still developing and are more susceptible to nutritional imbalances. However, adult cats can also be affected, especially those with underlying health issues such as chronic kidney disease, which can disrupt mineral homeostasis. The primary mechanism of MBD involves inadequate calcium absorption or excessive phosphorus levels, leading to secondary hyperparathyroidism. This condition triggers the parathyroid glands to release excessive parathyroid hormone, which leaches calcium from the bones to maintain blood calcium levels, resulting in weakened and brittle bones. Symptoms of MBD in cats include lameness, difficulty walking, bone deformities, fractures with minimal trauma, and in severe cases, seizures or muscle tremors due to hypocalcemia. Diagnosis is typically based on clinical signs, dietary history, blood tests to assess calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone levels, and radiographic imaging to evaluate bone density and structure. Treatment focuses on correcting the underlying nutritional imbalance through dietary adjustments, such as providing a balanced diet with appropriate calcium-to-phosphorus ratios and ensuring adequate vitamin D intake. In some cases, calcium and vitamin D supplements may be prescribed. Severe cases may require supportive care, including pain management and fracture repair. Prevention is key and involves feeding cats a nutritionally complete and balanced diet, particularly during growth stages, and avoiding diets that are excessively high in meat or organ tissues without proper supplementation. Regular veterinary check-ups can help detect and address nutritional deficiencies early, reducing the risk of MBD development.