What is leukocytosis in cats? - briefly
Leukocytosis in cats refers to an abnormally high count of white blood cells (leukocytes) in the bloodstream. This condition often indicates an infection or inflammation within the body, necessitating prompt veterinary attention.
What is leukocytosis in cats? - in detail
Leukocytosis in cats refers to an abnormally high number of white blood cells (leukocytes) in the cat's circulatory system. This condition can be indicative of various underlying health issues, ranging from infectious diseases to inflammatory processes or even certain types of cancer. The normal range for white blood cell count in cats typically varies between 5,000 and 19,000 cells per microliter (µL) of blood. When the count exceeds this range, it is considered leukocytosis.
There are several types of leukocytes, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. In cats with leukocytosis, the total white blood cell count may be elevated due to an increase in one or more specific types of these cells. For instance, an infection might cause a significant increase in neutrophil counts (neutrophilia), while certain allergic reactions or parasitic infections can lead to an increase in eosinophils (eosinophilia).
The underlying causes of leukocytosis in cats are diverse and can be broadly categorized into infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic, and stress-related factors. Infectious diseases such as bacterial infections, viral diseases like feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) or feline leukemia virus (FeLV), and fungal infections can trigger a robust immune response, resulting in elevated white blood cell counts. Inflammatory conditions, including pancreatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and autoimmune disorders, also contribute to leukocytosis by stimulating the production of white blood cells.
Neoplastic processes, such as lymphoma or leukemia, can cause abnormal proliferation of white blood cells, leading to persistent leukocytosis. Stress-related factors, including physical exertion, fear, or pain, can also temporarily increase the number of white blood cells in circulation.
Diagnosing leukocytosis involves a comprehensive veterinary examination that includes a complete blood count (CBC) and other diagnostic tests such as urinalysis, biochemical profiles, and imaging studies like X-rays or ultrasounds. The treatment approach for leukocytosis depends on the underlying cause. For infectious diseases, antibiotics or antiviral medications may be prescribed. In cases of inflammatory conditions, anti-inflammatory drugs might be administered. If cancer is suspected, further diagnostic tests such as biopsies and specialized blood tests may be required to confirm the diagnosis and guide appropriate therapy.
In conclusion, leukocytosis in cats is a significant clinical finding that necessitates prompt veterinary attention. Accurate diagnosis and timely intervention are crucial for addressing the underlying health issue effectively and ensuring the cat's well-being.