What is feline leukemia virus? - briefly
Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus that affects cats and can cause severe illness or death. It spreads through close contact with infected cats and can lead to various health issues, including anemia and cancer.
What is feline leukemia virus? - in detail
Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus that affects cats, causing a range of health issues from anemia and immunodeficiency to lymphoma and other forms of cancer. This pathogen is highly contagious among felines and can be transmitted through various means such as saliva, nasal secretions, feces, urine, and even through the placenta during pregnancy. FeLV primarily targets the cat's immune system, leading to a weakened defense against other infections and diseases.
The virus operates by integrating its genetic material into the host cell's DNA, altering the cell's normal functioning and potentially causing uncontrolled cell growth. This integration can occur in various types of cells, including white blood cells, which are crucial for immune function. As a result, cats infected with FeLV often exhibit symptoms such as lethargy, weight loss, recurrent infections, and enlarged lymph nodes.
Diagnosis of FeLV typically involves blood tests that detect the virus's presence or the antibodies produced against it. There are three stages of infection: the regressive stage, where the cat may clear the virus naturally; the latent stage, during which the virus lies dormant but can reactivate under stress; and the progressive stage, characterized by severe immunosuppression and a high risk of developing cancer.
Treatment for FeLV is challenging due to the virus's ability to evade the immune system and mutate rapidly. While there is no cure, supportive care, including symptom management and prevention of secondary infections, can improve the cat's quality of life. Vaccination against FeLV is available and recommended for cats at risk, especially those with outdoor access or living in multi-cat households.
Prevention strategies also include minimizing exposure to infected cats, practicing good hygiene, and regular veterinary check-ups. Understanding the complex nature of FeLV is essential for cat owners and veterinarians alike, as early detection and intervention can significantly improve the prognosis for affected felines.