What is feline distemper called? - briefly
Feline distemper is also known as panleukopenia.
What is feline distemper called? - in detail
Feline distemper, also known as feline panleukopenia, is a highly contagious and potentially fatal viral disease that affects cats worldwide. The causative agent of this condition is the feline parvovirus (FPV), a member of the Parvoviridae family. This virus primarily targets rapidly dividing cells, such as those found in the intestinal tract, bone marrow, and developing fetuses.
The term "distemper" is often used to describe various infectious diseases that cause multiple symptoms, including fever, lethargy, and gastrointestinal upset. In the case of feline distemper, the disease manifests in several forms depending on the age and immune status of the affected cat. Kittens are particularly vulnerable due to their immature immune systems.
Symptoms of feline distemper can vary significantly but commonly include vomiting, diarrhea (often with blood), loss of appetite, depression, fever, and abdominal pain. In severe cases, the virus can lead to neurological symptoms such as seizures or ataxia (loss of coordination). Pregnant cats infected with FPV may experience fetal death or resorption, resulting in stillbirths or kittens born with cerebellar hypoplasia, a condition characterized by an underdeveloped cerebellum leading to balance and coordination problems.
Diagnosis of feline distemper typically involves physical examination, blood tests, and fecal analysis. The presence of the virus can be confirmed through specific laboratory tests such as PCR (polymerase chain reaction) assays or immunohistochemistry on tissue samples.
Prevention is key in managing feline distemper. Vaccination against FPV is widely recommended and has proven to be highly effective in protecting cats from the disease. Regular vaccinations, especially for kittens, are crucial to maintain immunity. Additionally, maintaining good hygiene and preventing contact with infected animals can help reduce the risk of transmission.
Treatment for feline distemper focuses on supportive care, as there is no specific antiviral therapy available. This includes intravenous fluid administration to prevent dehydration, anti-nausea medications, antibiotics to control secondary bacterial infections, and sometimes plasma transfusions from immune cats to provide temporary immunity. With prompt and appropriate veterinary care, many cats can recover from feline distemper, although the prognosis is generally better for vaccinated animals.