What is feline calicivirus infection? - briefly
Feline calicivirus infection is a common respiratory disease in cats, characterized by symptoms such as oral ulcers, sneezing, and nasal discharge. It is highly contagious and can lead to severe complications in unvaccinated or immunocompromised cats.
What is feline calicivirus infection? - in detail
Feline calicivirus infection is a common and highly contagious viral disease affecting domestic and wild cats. The virus primarily targets the respiratory system, oral cavity, and occasionally the joints, leading to a range of clinical signs. Transmission occurs through direct contact with infected cats, contaminated objects, or airborne droplets from sneezing or coughing. The virus can survive in the environment for extended periods, increasing the risk of spread in multi-cat households, shelters, or catteries.
Symptoms of feline calicivirus infection vary in severity but typically include sneezing, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, fever, and oral ulcers. These ulcers, often found on the tongue, gums, or palate, can cause pain and difficulty eating. In some cases, the virus may lead to pneumonia, particularly in kittens or immunocompromised cats. A rare but severe form of the disease, known as virulent systemic feline calicivirus (VS-FCV), can cause widespread inflammation, organ failure, and high mortality rates.
Diagnosis is based on clinical signs, history of exposure, and laboratory tests such as PCR to detect viral genetic material. While there is no specific antiviral treatment for feline calicivirus, supportive care is essential. This includes hydration, nutritional support, and medications to manage secondary bacterial infections or inflammation. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.
Prevention relies on vaccination, which reduces the severity of symptoms but does not entirely prevent infection. Vaccines are particularly important for kittens and cats in high-risk environments. Additionally, maintaining good hygiene, isolating infected cats, and minimizing stress can help control the spread of the virus. Early detection and prompt veterinary care are crucial for improving outcomes and reducing complications associated with feline calicivirus infection.