What is diabetes mellitus in cats? - briefly
Diabetes mellitus in cats is a chronic condition where the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin or the body becomes resistant to it, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. This metabolic disorder requires careful management to maintain the cat’s health and quality of life.
What is diabetes mellitus in cats? - in detail
Diabetes mellitus in cats is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by the body’s inability to properly regulate blood glucose levels. This condition arises when the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin or when the body’s cells become resistant to insulin’s effects. Insulin is a hormone essential for facilitating the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells, where it is used for energy. In its absence or when cells do not respond adequately, glucose accumulates in the blood, leading to hyperglycemia, while cells are deprived of their primary energy source. There are two primary types of diabetes mellitus in cats: Type 1, which is rare and involves a complete lack of insulin production, and Type 2, which is more common and involves insulin resistance combined with inadequate insulin secretion. Risk factors for diabetes in cats include obesity, advancing age, physical inactivity, and genetic predisposition. Symptoms often include increased thirst, frequent urination, weight loss despite a normal or increased appetite, lethargy, and, in severe cases, weakness or a plantigrade stance where the cat walks on its hocks. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through blood tests showing elevated glucose levels and urine tests revealing glucose in the urine. Management of diabetes in cats involves insulin therapy, dietary modifications, and regular monitoring of blood glucose levels. A high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet is often recommended to help stabilize blood sugar. With proper treatment and care, many diabetic cats can achieve remission or live a good quality of life. Untreated diabetes can lead to serious complications such as ketoacidosis, neuropathy, and secondary infections, emphasizing the importance of early detection and consistent management.