What is coccidiosis in cats? - briefly
Coccidiosis in cats is an intestinal infection caused by single-celled parasites known as coccidia. It is typically characterized by diarrhea, weight loss, and lethargy, often requiring veterinary intervention for proper diagnosis and treatment.
What is coccidiosis in cats? - in detail
Coccidiosis in cats is a parasitic infection caused by single-celled organisms called coccidia, specifically of the genus Isospora. These protozoans are obligate intracellular parasites, meaning they must live inside host cells to survive and reproduce. The most common species affecting cats are Isospora felis and Isospora rivolta.
Cats can contract coccidiosis through ingesting contaminated soil, food, or water that contains the oocysts (eggs) of the parasite. Once inside the cat's body, the oocysts release sporocysts, which further develop into sporozoites. These sporozoites then invade and multiply within the intestinal epithelial cells, leading to damage and inflammation of the intestinal lining.
The clinical signs of coccidiosis in cats can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the age of the cat. Kittens are particularly susceptible due to their immature immune systems. Symptoms may include diarrhea, which can range from mild and watery to severe and bloody, as well as weight loss, lethargy, and in severe cases, dehydration and anemia. In some instances, cats might not show any symptoms at all, but they can still be carriers of the parasite and contribute to its spread.
Diagnosis typically involves a fecal examination under a microscope to identify the presence of oocysts. Treatment options usually include antiparasitic medications such as sulfonamides or ponazuril, which aim to eliminate the parasites from the cat's system. Supportive care, including hydration and nutrition, is also crucial during recovery.
Preventing coccidiosis involves maintaining a clean environment, ensuring proper sanitation of litter boxes, and providing cats with fresh, uncontaminated food and water. Regular veterinary check-ups can help monitor the cat's health and detect any potential infections early. Proper hygiene practices are essential to reduce the risk of coccidiosis in both individual cats and multi-cat households.